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<title>Collapsing can</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Collapsing can</span></span>

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<p><b>Collapsing can</b> or <b>can crusher experiment</b> is a demonstration of an <a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminum</a> can being crushed by <a href="Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a>. Due to the low <a href="Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> inside a <a href="Drink_can" title="Drink can">can</a> as compared to the pressure outside, the pressure outside exerts a force on the can causing the can to collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanation">Explanation</h2></div>

<p>The demonstration starts with boiling water inside the can. As the water is boiled, <a href="Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">water vapor</a> is created and fills the space inside the can which then pushes the air out.

</p><p>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">l</span>)</sub> → H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">g</span>)</sub>

</p><p>Then, inverting a water vapor-filled can into a water bath causes the water vapor to rapidly condense back to liquid water. The <a href="Condensation" title="Condensation">condensation</a> of water reduces pressure inside the can, so the higher pressure outside the can makes the can collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">g</span>)</sub> → H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">l</span>)</sub>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitation">Limitation</h2></div>

<p>Since the can is open when immersed, this demonstration only works with aluminum cans. Aluminum cools quickly when immersed, causing almost instantaneous condensation of the steam, leading the weak aluminum to collapse. With steel cans the water in the cooling bath condenses the interior steam by contact through the opening in the can. Then the cooling water is drawn inside the can by the reduced pressure preventing the collapse of the can. The steam condenses before the steel cools.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A variation where the opening in the can is sealed air-tight can make even a strong a <a href="Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">steel drum</a> collapse. After the water inside the drum boils and forces the air out, the opening is sealed air tight. When the steam condenses the can, or drum, will be crushed by the pressure differential between the internal partial pressure of water, and the external atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2></div>

<p>Addition of <a href="Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a> to a can filled with <a href="Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> can produce a similar result.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">A video of collapsing can experiment</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A video of collapsing can experiment</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFLimpanuparb,_T.;_Sathainthammanee,_D.;_Pakwilaikiat,_P.;_Kaewpichit,_C.;_Yimkosol,_W.;_Suwannakhan,_A.2021" class="citation journal cs1">Limpanuparb, T.; Sathainthammanee, D.; Pakwilaikiat, P.; Kaewpichit, C.; Yimkosol, W.; Suwannakhan, A. (2021). "Reinterpreting Popular Demonstrations for Use in a Laboratory Safety Session That Engages Students in Observation, Prediction, Record Keeping, and Problem Solving". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>98</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">191–</span>197. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JChEd..98..191L">2021JChEd..98..191L</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jchemed.9b00474">10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00474</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216354702">216354702</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/incredible-can-crusher/">"Air Pressure Can Crusher – Science Experiment"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 Aug</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSummerlin,_L._R.1987" class="citation book cs1">Summerlin, L. R., James, L. E. Jr. (1987). <i>Chemical Demonstrations: A Sourcebook for Teachers</i>. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>27.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShakhashiri1985" class="citation book cs1">Shakhashiri, B. Z. (1985). <i>Chemical Demonstrations, Vol. 2: A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry</i>. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">6–</span>8.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLauth2019" class="citation news cs1">Lauth, L. (19 Jan 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-19/julius-sumner-millers-faith-in-physics-why-is-it-so-1964/10562696">"Professor Julius Sumner Miller maintains his faith in physics despite Why Is It So? near-miss"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 Aug</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211208/QtOmRIB3TwI">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160606090909/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtOmRIB3TwI&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtOmRIB3TwI"><i>How to Crush a Can Using Chemistry</i></a>. <i><a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite></span>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Can_crusher" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Can crusher">Can crusher</a></span>.</div></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fADVjIl1URg">Can Crush Demonstration</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Collapsing_can&oldid=1271747249">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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